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National Geographic's Green Guide




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Christine Dell'Amore: January 2010 Archives

Choosing Climate-Friendly Insurance

Posted on January 29, 2010 | 8 Comments

With almost every aspect of our lives undergoing a green makeover, it may come as no surprise that insurance companies are starting to reward their customers' environmental choices.

An April 2009 report by Ceres--a network of sustainable-business advocates--discovered that insurance companies are starting to respond to climate change. Several companies, especially in Europe, have created policies that encourage consumers to limit their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

"Consumers should look for products that recognize the benefits of climate-friendly activities," Evan Mills, a scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and an expert in greening insurance, told me in an email.

For instance, keep an eye out for discounts on highly energy-efficient homes or car insurance where you pay by the mile--and in the process save on premiums every time you jump on a bus or a bike, Mills said.

Two well-known climate-oriented companies are Fireman's Fund, which rewards energy-efficient homes, and Progressive, which offers a pay-as-you-drive program for occasional drivers, he said.

Making homes more energy-efficient and sustainable is a popular option. The Ceres report--based on 2008 data--found that 22 insurance companies offer incentives for "green building"--both in constructing new buildings and upgrading old buildings to not be energy hogs. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), a certification program run by the U.S. Green Building Council, is generally considered the gold standard for green-building practices. (Related: "Finland's U.S. Embassy Gets Gold Star for Green Makeover.")

For those public transportation mavens, more than 24 companies also have pay-as-you-drive products. Policyholders who drive less than the average driver could get up to a 60 percent discount with some companies, the report says. Progressive's MyRate program allows occasional drivers to plug a device into their cars and wirelessly keep track of how much they drive--the information is used to set their insurance rate.

There's also discounts for owning fuel-efficient or low-emission vehicles. For instance, Fireman's Fund created the first replacement upgrade for hybrid cars. That means if you total your new car, you'll get a hybrid as a replacement. For boating enthusiasts, Travelers gives an up-to-10 percent premium discount for hybrid-electric boats and yachts, the report said.

And then there's insurance that covers the impacts of climate change, such as extreme weather events. Micro-insurance for low-income customers that don't have access to traditional insurance now covers about seven million people, according to the report. This type of coverage--which was a focus of the Copenhagen climate conference in December--is especially needed in developing countries where food and water shortages are severe.

So if you're already living a low-impact lifestyle, it may be worth checking to see if your insurance can help.

--Christine Dell'Amore

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Walking through the Copenhagen climate conference's exhibit hall last December, one might have wondered why negotiations were so deadlocked: Dozens of booths were advertising too many climate solutions to count.

Some of the ideas would make you raise your eyebrows, since they seem like expensive ideas that are unlikely to ever come to fruition.

But one flier I picked up touted a logical technology to cut carbon: Heat pumps. As an alternative to furnaces or air conditioners, which burn natural gas or fossil fuels, heat pumps draw out heat or cool air from the air and ground to warm or cool homes and other buildings. And unlike going totally off-the-grid, heat pumps might be a good place for someone to jump-start a plan for a lower carbon household.

For instance, compared with traditional heaters and air conditioners, heat pumps can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 70 percent, according to the flier, produced by the Heat Pump & Thermal Storage Technology Center of Japan.

If the G7 countries mostly installed heat pumps, carbon dioxide emissions could fall by 40 percent on average, the flier claimed.

That might be unrealistic, but it's clear heat pumps save money: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) says that heat pumps can shave off as much as 30 to 40 percent off a household's electricity used for heating. (Related: "Small Steps at Home Can Combat Climate Change, Study Says.")

The most common type of heat pump, the air-source heat pump, transfers heat between a house and the outside air. Because the pumps move heat instead of generating it, they can provide up to four times the amount of energy they consume, according to the DOE.

But hands-down, the superstar among heat pumps is the geothermal, or ground-source, pump, which draws heat or cool air from the ground or water. Though they're more costly to install, geothermal pumps end up costing less in the long run, and last 25 years.

Although temperatures aboveground vary, temperatures under Earth's surface are relatively constant. In most regions, soil temperatures are usually warmer in than surface air in winter and cooler than the air in summer, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. So geothermal heat pumps can transfer this stable heat into buildings during winter, and cool air in the summer.

Geothermal pumps have been catching on in the U.S. in recent years, with about 50,000 new pumps installed yearly. It's not a do-it-yourself-project, so the DOE offers a helpful Web site for getting started. There are also some rebates, special financing, and incentives around installing geothermal heat pumps, so it's wise to look into those.

Of course there are downsides: Waiting the five to ten years to recoup the costs of a geothermal-pump installation, for instance. And air-source pumps, more common than geothermal pumps, don't really work as well in really extreme climates.

But if it can keep that dreaded energy bill down, well, I'm pumped.

--Christine Dell'Amore

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Turns out the grass isn't always greener, at least when it comes to lawns and their contribution to global warming.

That's because keeping those green spaces glossy with fertilizer and other maintenance techniques actually offsets lawns' carbon-trapping benefits, according to a new study in Geophysical Research Letters.

"Turfgrass" lawns, which make up nearly 2 percent of land in the continental U.S., act as carbon sinks, storing the powerful greenhouse gas in soil.

But if you consider what it takes to upkeep a lawn--that is, production of fertilizer, mowing, leaf blowing, and other practices, their collective greenhouse gas emissions are four times greater than the amount of carbon that lawns can absorb.

For instance, fertilizer releases nitrous oxide--commonly known as "laughing gas"--a greenhouse gas that's 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

"Lawns look great--they're nice and green and healthy, and they're photosynthesizing a lot of organic carbon. But the carbon-storing benefits of lawns are counteracted by fuel consumption," study leader Amy Townsend-Small of the University of California, Irvine, said in a statement.

Nitrous Oxide Emissions No Laughing Matter

Townsend-Small and colleague Claudia Czimczik focused on four parks in Irvine, each of which had two types of turf: athletic, for soccer and baseball, and ornamental, which includes picnic areas.

Over a year, the team took soil samples in the parks to measure how much carbon was stored. Researchers also measured how much nitrous oxide was being released by sampling air above the surface, and then estimated carbon dioxide emissions based on lawn-upkeep activities.

Not only did the irrigation, fertilizer, and other activities dwarf the lawns' ability to store carbon, the nitrous oxide emissions were similar to those of agricultural farms, which are among the largest emitters of the gas in the world.

Although the study was limited to city parks, "there's still the potential to reduce the carbon footprint of all lawns by reducing fossil fuel consumption," Townsend-Small told Green Guide in an email.

For instance, she recommends using a rake and a push mower instead of leaf-blowing or power mowers, and limiting irrigation and use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

--Christine Dell'Amore

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Photograph by Philip Gould, NGS

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