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May 2009 Archives

monkey-capsule.jpg

—Image courtesy NASA

Thankfully this is not a very odd sort of suppository. This is a squirrel monkey called Miss Baker, sitting in a NASA bio-capsule.

On May 28, 1959, Miss Baker and a rhesus monkey named Able became the first primates to survive a trip into outer space.

Both monkeys flew onboard a Jupiter AM-18 rocket to a height of 360 miles (579 kilometers) before plummeting back to Earth to land in the ocean.

A U.S. Navy vessel found the monkeys alive and well when it recovered the lander. The heroic monkeynauts were immediately taken to Washington, D.C., for a press conference.

Sadly, Able died a few days later during surgery due to complications with an infected electrode. But Miss Baker lasted until 1984, when she died of kidney failure at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

Of course, the famous pair were hardly the first animal astronauts.

More than ten years before Baker and Able's flight, a rhesus monkey named Albert I got blasted into space on a V2 rocket, but he died of suffocation during the flight—before even making it to space.

The "Albert series" of test flights included three more monkeys and a handful of mice, many of which died on impact during the return voyage.

Russia had its share of space animals on one-way trips too, including a street mutt named Laika, the first living animal to orbit Earth. Too bad for the historic hound that the Russians didn't allow time to design a safe return, dooming the dog to a fiery demise.

Russia must have been on to something, though, because they managed to send the first person into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961. Gagarin made it safely back to terra firma after a 108-minute flight.

Once people started blasting off, animals continued making the trip to space, albeit largely as test subjects sent alongside human counterparts, pretty much guaranteeing a safe return.

But given the uncertain status of NASA's budget for sending more humans to space, you American monkeys, mice, and dogs better start hoping that the space agency doesn't decide to go back to basics...

msl-laser-curiosity.jpg

—Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech

Today NASA announced that its next flagship Mars rover has been granted a name: Curiosity.

Sixth-grader Clara Ma of Lenexa, Kansas, penned an essay about the concept of curiosity that won her the right to name the new probe, an SUV-size rover that will be the largest, most technically capable craft yet landed on the red planet.

"Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone's mind. It makes me get out of bed in the morning and wonder what surprises life will throw at me that day," Ma wrote in her essay.

"Curiosity is the passion that drives us through our everyday lives. We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to wonder." [read the full essay here.]

It's a beautiful bit of prose and a very mature sentiment from such a young person. Now let's hope that inflated budgets and political tugs-of-war don't tarnish the dream.

Launch of the Mars Science Laboratory, as the rover was formerly known, has already been delayed by two years due to rising costs.

All that high technology led to some serious technical problems and scrapped designs that not only cost the MSL program dearly, they also sent engineers scrambling to finish all the hardware and safety tests before the original 2009 launch date.

After weighing their options, NASA managers decided to postpone the mission to 2011, a slip that caused the budget to swell to about $400 million over initial projected costs.

In addition to fears that MSL would be set back (or scrapped completely), the move made "planetary scientists worry that pushing back the mission could have a ripple effect, delaying and even canceling future missions," Andrew Lawler wrote in a Science news article last September.

After all, those extra dollars will have to come from somewhere, likely from other less high-profile planetary missions.

Meanwhile, the abrupt resignation of senior NASA science official Alan Stern last fall allowed said official to open a huge can of whoopass on NASA in general, with the MSL as his poster child for all the things that have gone wrong at the agency.

In a scathing article in the New York Times, Stern called the project a "poorly managed" symptom of a "cancer" growing at the space agency in the form of "a NASA culture that has lost control of spending."

Irresponsible decisions and pet projects lead to budget overruns that lead to smaller but worthy projects getting shown the door, Stern says.

In January a hearing of the Planetary Science Subcommittee set out rules for how MSL's budget woes would impact other projects.

While most major planned missions will move ahead as scheduled, an atmospheric probe bound for Mars, an orbiter headed for Jupiter, and U.S. involvement in an international moon collaboration are all now at risk of delays and/or losing funds.

And geez, NASA, you know it has to be bad when you get a several hundred-word spoof in the Onion.

On the flip side, people whinging about costs and wringing their hands over delays really are nothing new in the world of Big Science [cough, LHC]. Hubble had its share of start-up troubles, but it's now arguably one of the most beloved science instruments of all time, not to mention one that has made some significant discoveries.

So out of all the things NASA has money to study, what would you like the agency to focus on? It's a federal agency, after all, and publicly accountable. All it takes is enough people willing to step up and make some noise—look what public outcry did for the future of Hubble and is still doing for Pluto's demotion.

It's your space agency people, you have to decide whether it's going to be a blessing or a curse.

Star Trek! Need I Say More?

Posted on May 7, 2009 | 0 Comments

I'm so excited, and I just can't hide it.

I've grown up on a stead diet of Star Trek—from the days when Mom confided to my preteen self that she married Dad because he reminded her of Mr. Spock, to just this week when I was talking to a coworker and found out I was not the only person in the universe who actually liked Voyager.

[watch me duck to avoid being pummeled by virtual tomatoes ...]

So you can imagine my joy when I was given the green light to guest blog for National Geographic magazine about the science of the starship Enterprise.

spock-bridge-trek.jpg

—Copyright 2009 by PARAMOUNT PICTURES CORPORATION. All Rights Reserved.

Hopefully this will make up in some small part for my disappearing act over the past few weeks—it's been something of a whirlwind, but that's no excuse for being a delinquent blogger.

Having now seen the new film, I can say I was not disappointed, mostly because the acting was so genuine. They really captured those characters without turning it into a parody—Karl Urban is my new hero. Despite Bakula's best efforts, I'd say the franchise is still alive and kicking.

As a bonus, one of the questions I asked for the magazine's blog that didn't make it in was whether they had any science consultants other than Cassini's Carolyn Porco, who famously provided design help with their planetary scenes. Production designer Scott Chambliss told me in reply:

We did quite a lot of research with the NASA and JPL crowd. They told us that they watched Star Trek, and aspired to create in the real world what the Trek world did. Go figure!

When you think about it, there's a host of things in modern society that mirror Trek tech:

  • flip phones = Starfleet communicators
  • PDAs = PADDs (those nifty hand-held screens officers use to read reports)
  • Bluetooth headsets = Uhura's earpiece

And even more Trek-inspired gadgets are "on the way," if scientists have their way about it—cloaking devices, hyposprays, tricorders, universal translators, even nanoprobes.


So, it's been a long day, and I'm beat ... Can someone please get on those transporter beams? Thanks.

It's tiny, it's pockmarked, and it's got almost no atmosphere. So it's probably small wonder that we cared so little for poor Mercury that we couldn't be bothered to check out a whole half of the planet until 2008.

mercury-global-color.jpg

—Image courtesy NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Arizona State University/Carnegie Institute of Washington

But when we did send a probe to scope out the scene, boy did we find some doozies!

Last October the MESSENGER probe had its second sweep past the planet as it settles into an eventual orbit. Not to waste the opportunity, scientists programed the craft to collect all kinds of data during the brief flyby.

The latest issue of Science describes a whole slew of neat findings from the October visit, including:


I personally loved the magnetic twisters, which I found cool enough to assign as a news story that was deftly reported by our own Rebecca Carroll.

But that last one is also pretty impressive.

As impact basins go, the newly named Rembrandt is a sizable feature—430 miles (700 kilometers) wide, or big enough to stretch from D.C. to Boston if it was on Earth.

rembrandt-basin-earth.jpg

—Image courtesy NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington/Smithsonian Institution Copyright: Smithsonian Institution

For something so large, it really surprised the research team to find that the floor of the basin has remained largely unchanged for 3.9 billion years.

"This is the first time we have seen terrain exposed on the floor of an impact basin on Mercury that is preserved from when it formed," the Smithsonian's Thomas Watters said in a statement. "Terrain like this is usually completely buried by volcanic flows."

Being almost bare-bottomed means that researchers can see the patterns of ridges and troughs criss-crossing the basin floor, including evidence of a thrust fault that would rival the San Andreas in California.

"The pattern of tectonic landforms in the Rembrandt basin is truly extraordinary," Watters said. "It is unlike anything we have seen before in other impact basins on Mercury, the Moon or Mars, or in basins formed on the icy moons of the outer planets."

About This Blog

The moon
From dwarf planets to hot Jupiters, join NatGeo News space and tech editor Victoria Jaggard in a global discussion about all things extraterrestrial.


news.nationalgeographic.com

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