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Results tagged “chytrid” from NatGeo News Watch

Wildlife is under serious threat across the planet, despite the commitment by world leaders to reverse the trend of biodiversity loss by 2010, according to a detailed analysis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.

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Asian Wild Ass (Equus hemionus). Threat category Endangered

Photo © Jean-Christophe Vié

The IUCN assessment, which is published every four years, has been released just before the deadline governments set themselves to evaluate how successful they were in achieving the 2010 target to reduce biodiversity loss.

Deadline will not be met

The IUCN report, "Wildlife in a Changing World," shows the 2010 target will not be met, the organization said in a statement today.

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"When governments take action to reduce biodiversity loss there are some conservation successes, but we are still a long way from reversing the trend," says Jean-Christophe Vié, deputy head of IUCN's Species Program and senior editor of the publication.

"It's time to recognize that nature is the largest company on Earth working for the benefit of 100 percent of humankind--and it's doing it for free.

"Governments should put as much effort, if not more, into saving nature as they do into saving economic and financial sectors."

IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental network. Based in Switzerland, it is a democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries.

Its report analyzes 44,838 species on the IUCN Red List and presents results by groups of species, geographical regions, and different habitats, such as marine, freshwater and terrestrial.

The Red List is the most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of species. It is based on an objective system of assessing the risk of extinction for a species. Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable are collectively described as threatened.     

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"A minimum of 16,928 species are threatened with extinction."

 

The updated list shows 869 species are Extinct or Extinct in the Wild, and this figure rises to 1,159 if the 290 Critically Endangered species tagged as Possibly Extinct are included, IUCN said.

"Overall, a minimum of 16,928 species are threatened with extinction."

Considering that only 2.7 percent of the 1.8 million described species have been analyzed, this number is a gross underestimate, IUCN added. "But it does provide a useful snapshot of what is happening to all forms of life on Earth."

Shoebill-picture.jpgShoebill (Balaeniceps rex). Threat category Vulnerable  (
Photo © Jean-Christophe Vié)

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Save the Frogs, Today and Every Day

Posted on April 28, 2009 | 0 Comments

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The first annual "Save The Frogs Day" was declared today, April 28, by a conservation organization set up to generate awareness of the extinction crisis facing many of the world's amphibians.

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"The goal is to raise awareness of the rapid disappearance of frog species worldwide," says a news release announcing the event. "Save The Frogs Day events are planned in nearly a dozen countries, including the United States, Canada, Italy, China, and Australia."

The event is organized by Save the Frogs, a nonprofit based in Manassas, Virginia. The charity was founded in May 2008 by Kerry Kriger and scientists, educators, policymakers, and naturalists dedicated to protecting the world's amphibian species through environmental education, scientific research, legal defense and the acquisition of critical habitat.

NGS photo of juvenile tree frog by Paul Zahl

Kriger participated in a research project about the amphibian disease chytridiomycos, funded in part by the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. His work on chytridiomycosis has been published in 15 articles in peer-reviewed international scientific journals. Kriger founded Save the Frogs in May 2008 and is the charity's executive director and only full-time employee.

Nearly one-third of the world's 6,485 amphibian species are threatened with extinction, and at least 150 species have completely disappeared since 1980, and most people don't know about it, Kriger told me in a phone interview.

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Save the Frogs Day has been recognized as an official event by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine. "As far as I know, Governor Kaine is the highest-ranking elected official in the world to acknowledge the extinction crisis facing frogs," Kriger said. "Next year I am going to ask everyone to write to their governors and other public representatives. We need to spread the word to the politicians."

Habitat destruction is the primary threat to frogs in lowland areas. But the deadly skin disease caused by a chytrid fungus is spreading through mountainous regions worldwide, driving frog species to extinction within months of its arrival.

NGS photo of hourglass tree frog by Paul Zahl

Millions of frogs are shipped worldwide each year for use as pets or food, and few regulations exist to prevent the transport of infected individuals, the Save the Frogs release says. "Sick frogs inevitably escape into the wild and introduce their disease to places where the native frogs have no evolved defenses. To make matters worse, pesticides and global warming weaken frogs' immune systems, making them more susceptible to infectious diseases."

Kriger hopes that Save The Frogs Day will dramatically increase frog awareness on a global scale.

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In recognition of Save The Frogs Day, scientists worldwide will deliver presentations about the amphibian extinction crisis to local schools, zoos and community groups this April 28th. Teachers and students will focus on amphibian conservation, learning about threats to frogs and discussing ways to contribute to conservation efforts. Events for schools also include participating in frog art and frog poetry contests.

Some simple everyday things everyone can do to help save frogs, Kriger says, include not using pesticides in and around the home (chemicals that get into rivers and ponds are not compatible with a healthy ecosystem for frogs), not eating frogs, not buying wild frogs as pets, and lobbying politicians for funding for research and scholarships to train herpetologists.

NGS photo of reed frog by Michael Nichols

Ultimately, Kriger wants to see funding to buy critical habitat for frogs and laws passed to protect amphibians. "This is one of the most significant environmental issues of the 21st century," he says. "Unless we act quickly, amphibian species will continue to disappear, resulting in irreversible consequences to Earth's ecosystems and to humans."

Harlequin-frog-picture.jpgNGS photo of harlequin tree frogs by Paul Zahl

 

How to Help (Save the Frogs Web site tips and advice on what you can do to save frogs.)

Related NatGeo News Watch entries:

Bait Shops Found to Be Spreading Chytrid and Other Amphibian Diseases

Green-and-Black Golden Frog Born at Bronx Zoo

Are Humans Now Eating Frogs to Extinction?

Four out of Ten Amphibians in Decline, New Study Finds

All blog entries about frogs

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Biologists have discovered that amphibian diseases are spread by bait shops.

National Science Foundation illustration by Nicolle Rager-Fuller

Salamander larvae sold as live bait for freshwater fishing may be spreading amphibian diseases, including the chytrid fungus that is killing many of the world's frogs, the National Science Foundation says.

Waterdogs, as the larvae of tiger salamanders are called, are used to catch largemouth bass, channel catfish and other freshwater fishes.

Fishers may be in for more than they bargained for, the NSF said in a statement released yesterday. "Salamanders in bait shops in Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico are infected with ranaviruses, and those in Arizona, with a chytrid fungus called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)."

These diseases have spread with the global trade in amphibians, says James Collins, assistant director for biological sciences at the NSF. Collins is currently on leave from Arizona State University. "The commercial amphibian bait trade may be a source of 'pathogen pollution,'" he says in the NSF news release. Pathogens are disease-causing agents such as some viruses and bacteria.

Along with biologist Angela Picco of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Sacramento, California, Collins screened tiger salamanders in the western U.S. bait trade for both ranaviruses and Bd, and conducted surveys of anglers to determine how often tiger salamanders are used as bait, and how frequently the salamanders are let go in fishing waters.

bait-1-picture.jpgThe scientists also organized bait-shop surveys to determine whether tiger salamanders are released back into the wild after being housed in shops, the NSF says.

A majority of anglers--as high as 73 percent--in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico uses waterdogs as bait.

Photo by Angela Picco, ASU

"We found that all tiger salamanders that ended up in the bait trade were originally collected from the wild," says Picco. "In general, they were moved from east to west and north to south--bringing with them multiple ranavirus strains."

Results of the research show that 26 to 73 percent of fishers used tiger salamanders as bait; 26 to 67 percent of anglers released tiger salamanders bought as bait into fishing waters; and 4 percent of bait shops put salamanders back in the wild after the waterdogs were housed with infected animals.

"The tiger salamander bait trade in the western U.S. is a good model for understanding the consequences of unregulated movement of amphibians and their pathogens," says Collins.

Examples of pathogen pollution are many and dramatic, the NSF statement says.

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Photo by Brian Kubicki/Courtesy Conservation International

Adding to the urgency of the looming extinction crisis, conservationists today declared that 43 percent of amphibian species are declining, 32 percent are threatened with extinction, and as many as 122 species may have become extinct since 1980.

"This study confirms one of the greatest species conservation challenges of our time," said Simon Stuart, chairman of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) biodiversity assessment sub-committee. "In just the past 20 years, the number of known amphibians has increased by 48 percent. Tragically, we are losing them almost as fast as we find them."

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Tree Frog Once Thought Lost Is Found

Posted on September 12, 2008 | 0 Comments

 
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A tiny tree frog not seen for twenty years and thought to be extinct has been spotted in Costa Rica's Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve.

Scientists from the University of Manchester and Chester Zoo in the United Kingdom saw and photographed a male specimen of the frog Isthmohyla rivularis last year. A search of the same area this year turned up a pregnant female and more males, suggesting that the species is breeding.

Photo courtesy Mark Dickinson, University of Manchester

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